Learning programming languages

[dr froyd]

i decided i wanna learn a bunch of new programming languages and get a feel for how the various ones work.

i made small problem to try them on. It's simple but it contains a couple of aspects of practical interest: a bit of data i/o (reading JSON lines), data processing, and some basic calculation.

the program, if implemented correctly, will print the Mona Lisa:

          ____
        o8%8888,  
      o88%8888888.
     8'-    -:8888b 
    8'         8888
   d8.-=. ,==-.:888b
   >8 `~` :`~' d8888 
   88         ,88888 
   88b. `-~  ':88888
   888b ~==~ .:88888
   88888o--:':::8888    
   `88888| :::' 8888b
   8888^^'       8888b
  d888           ,%888b. 
 d88%            %%%8--'-.
/88:.__ ,       _%-' ---  -
    '''::===..-'   =  --.

the program needs to do the following:
1. take a command-line argument with a path to the text file containing the JSON lines (provided below in the spoiler).
2. read the file
3. for each line, calculate the value x = vf * vi
4. sort the entire data by x
5. the "mona" field is an integer representing a UTF8 character. Convert it to UTF8 and print everything in the sorted order.

at least for me, the goal here is to solve it without relying on any non-builtin libraries (libraries come and go, language stays more or less the same).

feel free to join in and provide your own solutions

JSONL data:

Spoiler

{"vf":0.63305535982,"vi":43,"mona":32}
{"vf":0.85782771534,"vi":40,"mona":32}
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{"vf":0.80281227292,"vi":10,"mona":126}
{"vf":0.024613684509,"vi":26,"mona":95}
{"vf":0.75447515864,"vi":49,"mona":39}
{"vf":0.75859316951,"vi":3,"mona":56}
{"vf":0.57193531399,"vi":9,"mona":126}
{"vf":0.39893982466,"vi":36,"mona":10}
{"vf":0.78529167129,"vi":38,"mona":45}
{"vf":0.099041829351,"vi":20,"mona":32}
{"vf":0.96110479371,"vi":45,"mona":32}
{"vf":0.53368794546,"vi":14,"mona":10}
{"vf":0.33931258018,"vi":33,"mona":56}
{"vf":0.22110293782,"vi":18,"mona":100}
{"vf":0.60136572598,"vi":23,"mona":56}
{"vf":0.14709469094,"vi":9,"mona":32}
{"vf":0.70085308747,"vi":34,"mona":45}
{"vf":0.8998249704,"vi":34,"mona":45}
{"vf":0.72059627343,"vi":19,"mona":32}
{"vf":0.73213520553,"vi":19,"mona":56}
{"vf":0.32037324249,"vi":39,"mona":56}
{"vf":0.36409186479,"vi":29,"mona":45}
{"vf":0.53107039887,"vi":33,"mona":100}
{"vf":0.61999331019,"vi":20,"mona":56}
{"vf":0.14381704363,"vi":11,"mona":32}
{"vf":0.48204260552,"vi":50,"mona":45}
{"vf":0.017765811877,"vi":15,"mona":32}
{"vf":0.77033407427,"vi":26,"mona":46}
{"vf":0.54406602471,"vi":18,"mona":56}
{"vf":0.34732463141,"vi":8,"mona":32}
{"vf":0.72455434641,"vi":26,"mona":32}
{"vf":0.72939065192,"vi":8,"mona":32}
{"vf":0.77459154208,"vi":37,"mona":95}
{"vf":0.84272931889,"vi":37,"mona":45}
{"vf":0.49229332875,"vi":39,"mona":32}
{"vf":0.66828464973,"vi":8,"mona":96}
{"vf":0.98495697998,"vi":11,"mona":58}
{"vf":0.64050681377,"vi":25,"mona":32}
{"vf":0.85688542016,"vi":3,"mona":45}
{"vf":0.82180546015,"vi":25,"mona":10}
{"vf":0.0006247733254,"vi":2,"mona":10}
{"vf":0.57263340196,"vi":19,"mona":58}
{"vf":0.99426977662,"vi":50,"mona":10}
{"vf":0.13710608101,"vi":40,"mona":56}
{"vf":0.97785340482,"vi":36,"mona":32}
{"vf":0.9544738275,"vi":5,"mona":32}
{"vf":0.91506376164,"vi":19,"mona":10}
{"vf":0.164211225,"vi":12,"mona":10}
{"vf":0.83525531995,"vi":1,"mona":32}
{"vf":0.15420230082,"vi":36,"mona":56}
{"vf":0.78394647874,"vi":42,"mona":32}
{"vf":0.5849000935,"vi":3,"mona":37}
{"vf":0.48128980049,"vi":35,"mona":56}
{"vf":0.38958711154,"vi":23,"mona":32}
{"vf":0.93529980327,"vi":11,"mona":56}
{"vf":0.29630217538,"vi":15,"mona":61}
{"vf":0.3839696378,"vi":10,"mona":56}
{"vf":0.49256654782,"vi":4,"mona":32}
{"vf":0.50229956326,"vi":10,"mona":62}

 

[dr froyd]

Python version to start with (have used Python before but by no means an expert in it)

Spoiler

import json
import sys

if len(sys.argv) > 1:
    path = sys.argv[1]
else:
    raise ValueError("missing arg")

data = []

with open(path, 'r') as f:
    for l in f:
        d = json.loads(l)
        d["sc"] = d["vi"] * d["vf"]
        data.append(d)

data.sort(key = lambda x: x['sc'], reverse = False)

s = ""
for d in data:
    s += chr(d['mona'])

print(s)

solution greatly aided by the fact that Python has built-in json support, and that Python dictionaries are practically the same as json objects

 

[fluffy]

After figuring out how the CPU works.

The way I think about things is not really in laungauge.

But more like how the kernel operates.

Classes functions interactions variables folders files

These are all data structures of a kernel.

I never saw how all the code of a laungauge goes together because most of it is implicit and hidden.

There are languages for creating language.

Has to do with monads.

Where in basic

1 x = 0

2 print hello

3 x = x + 1

4 if x = 5 end

5 go to line 2

Which is as data recursion but a process of encapsulation for monads. (In math it's the reverse of a function inside a function k = f(f n) -> k(k n) putting them inside each other)

 

[dr froyd]

Awk version.

one thing's for sure; the beloved unix text-procesing language is specialized for processing csv-type text, not json. Practically no utilities beyond text-manipulation stuff so had to write a sort manually. The hyper-loose dynamic typing where you never really know if you have a number or a string also is quite challenging for numerical operations

the number-parsing can cause some funny situations; what it chooses for decimal separator depends on your locale, so this program doesn't even work outside US unless you set e.g. LC_NUMERIC=POSIX before running it.

verdict: great command-line tool, but it's primarily a command-line tool for a reason

Spoiler

function swap(arr, i, j){
    tmp = arr[i]
    arr[i] = arr[j]
    arr[j] = tmp
}

function isort(y, x){
    n = length(y)
    for(i = 1; i <= n; i++){
        j = i
    while(j > 1 && y[j-1] > y[j]){
        swap(y, j, j-1)
        swap(x, j, j-1)
        j--
        }
    }
}

BEGIN {FS = ","} {
    gsub(/[{}]/, "")
    gsub(/\"[[:alpha:]]*\"\:/, "")
    xvals[FNR] = ($1 + 0) * ($2 + 0)
    mvals[FNR] = $3
}

END {
    isort(xvals, mvals)
    for(i = 1; i <= length(xvals); i++){
        printf "%c", mvals[i]
    }
}

 

[dr froyd]

did a quick one in C. I know C well but interesting for comparison. Here of course there's no sort available, no regular expressions, no json, no nothing. Yet it's all beautiful.

Spoiler

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>


// assumes this exact order and types in each json
// {"vf":0.63305535982,"vi":43,"mona":32}
void parseline(double* vf, int* vi, int* mo, char* json){

    char* token = strtok(json, ":,");
    int i = 0;
    while(token){
    switch(i){
        case 1: *vf = atof(token); break;
        case 3: *vi = atoi(token); break;
        case 5: *mo = atoi(token); break;
        }
    i++;
        token = strtok(NULL, ":,");
    }
}

size_t linecount(FILE* file){
    fseek(file, 0, SEEK_SET);
    size_t out = 0;
    char c;
    while((c = fgetc(file)) != EOF){
    out += c == '\n';
    }
    fseek(file, 0, SEEK_SET);
    return out;
}


void swapd(double* arr, size_t i, size_t j){
    double tmp = arr[i];
    arr[i] = arr[j];
    arr[j] = tmp;
}

void swapi(int* arr, size_t i, size_t j){
    int tmp = arr[i];
    arr[i] = arr[j];
    arr[j] = tmp;
}


void isort(double* y, int* x, size_t n){
    for(size_t i = 0; i != n; ++i){
        size_t j = i;
    while(j > 0 && y[j-1] > y[j]){
        swapd(y, j, j-1);
        swapi(x, j, j-1);
        j--;
        }
    }
}


int main(int argc, char* argv[]){

    if(argc != 2){
        printf("usage: %s <file_path>\n", argv[0]);
    return 1;
    }

    FILE* file = fopen(argv[1], "r");
    if(!file){
        printf("failed open-file %s\n", argv[1]);
    return 1;
    }

    size_t lc = linecount(file);

    double* x = malloc(lc * sizeof(double));
    int* mo   = malloc(lc * sizeof(int));

    char linebuf[64];
    double vf;
    int vi;
    size_t i = 0;

    while(fgets(linebuf, sizeof(linebuf), file)){
    parseline(&vf, &vi, mo + i, linebuf);
    x[i++] = vi * vf;
    }

    fclose(file);
    isort(x, mo, lc);

    for(size_t i = 0; i != lc; ++i){
        printf("%c", mo[i]);
    }

    free(x); free(mo);
    return 0;
}

 

[dr froyd]

this one is crazy. Wanted to do it in bash and came across this tool "jq". Maybe it's cheating since it's a library. But it was pre-installed on my linux, so... let's called it bash/jq

the crazy part is that it's 1 line of code lol

Spoiler

jq -sr '[.[] | {x: (.vf * .vi), mo: .mona}] | sort_by(.x) | .[] | .mo' $1 | awk '{printf "%c", $1}'

 

[dr froyd]

Perl.
really damn nice language. Has everything you need for this problem and super concise syntax.

extremely lenient on type-related bugs, a lot of weird things you can write and it just runs without saying anything. Not necessarily a bad thing - just means such error checks are up to the programmer.

Spoiler

use JSON;

my $fh;
if(@ARGV){
    open($fh, '<', $ARGV[0]) or die "read-file err";
} else {
    die "missing arg";
}

my @data;
push @data, decode_json($_) while <$fh>;

for(@data) {
    $_->{x} = $_->{vi} * $_->{vf};
}

@data = sort {$a->{x} <=> $b->{x}} @data;

for(@data){
    print chr($_->{mona});
}