"CONCLUSION:
Our observations suggest that the disturbances in cortical gyrification seen in patients with schizophrenia might be related to a disrupted interaction between the paralimbic and the multimodal association cortex and thus might contribute to the pathogenesis of the illness." Makes me wonder what circumstances would make this happen.
Any theories on this anyone?
Elevated *cortisol levels in early childhood, due to the confusion of stimuli I mentioned
here, under the first quote. Confusion increases stress which elevates cortisol, causing brain damage.
In my case, for example, mom liked to blindside me with a slap to the head when I was doing something wrong.
(You don't have to read them all, I just scanned them).
*1.
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/10/9/2897.full.pdf
*2.
http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/25/6/1105.full.pdf
*3.
http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v1/n1/full/nn0598_69.html
*4.
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/14/5/2893.full.pdf
What's interesting to me is the apparent way that the body seems to be compensating for these things. Those on the schizo spectrum have
elevated dopamine (except in the prefrontal cortex, specifically the left side) and
reduced cortisol ("except
where?", is what I'd ask next...

). *EDIT: Wherever it is, I'll bet is has something to do with paranoia, which may not necessarily be in the brain. I'm looking at you, epinepherine.
I strongly believe that a large portion of mental illness is epigenetically inherited.
***I think I'm derailing a bit...
**EDIT: Cigarettes. Schizophrenics tend to smoke
a lot $$$. And drink coffee
a lot. Self-medication, just like any
body focused repetitive behavior. Both increase dopamine, and caffeine increases acetylcholine and norepinepherine, which improve concentration, as well as increasing epinepherine and
cortisol. The linked caffeine study also cites a study by Lucas and Pickar (1990) that showed that caffeine increased psychotic symptoms in schizophrenics in spite of antipsychotics (which reduce dopamine, not cortisol). Actually, the discussion in that study is pretty bitchin' as well. They use for the dopamine, and suffer from the cortisol.
$$$="Wow! What an article!"